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A1

être — to be

The present tense of être, what it is used for, and the French expressions that use avoir where English uses be.

Subject + être + Complement
je suisI am
tu esyou are
il / elle esthe / she is
nous sommeswe are
vous êtesyou are
ils / elles sontthey are

None of it resembles the infinitive. It has to be learnt as six separate words.

Je suis fatigué.

I am tired

I’m tired.

Nous sommes en retard.

we are in delay

We’re late.

No article before a profession

Il est professeur.

he is teacher

He’s a teacher.

Il est un professeur.

Il est professeur.

After être, a job, nationality or religion takes no article. C’est un professeur is correct, because c’est works differently — see c’est and il est.

Where English uses be, French often uses avoir

Age, hunger, thirst, cold, fear. These are things you have in French.

J’ai vingt ans.

I-have twenty years

I’m twenty.

J’ai froid.

I-have cold

I’m cold.

Je suis vingt says nothing at all, and je suis froid says you are a cold person. See avoir.

The adjective agrees

Anything after être describing the subject changes to match it.

Elle est fatiguée.

she is tired (f.)

She’s tired.

Written fatiguée, pronounced exactly like fatigué. See adjectives.

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